Pancha Rathas - Marks of Pancha Pandvas
Pancha Rathas is located at Mamallapuram, a small village in south side of Chennai city, in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It means five chariots, named individually after Draupadi and the Pandava brothers. These 7th century shrines were carved during the reign of King Mamalla (Narasimahavarman I, after whom the site is named). Each temple is a monolith, carved, whole from an outcropping of rock. The temples are unfinished, and so were never consecrated or used for worship, although they have nothing to do with temple carts or the Mahabharata. The categorizations of the buildings are unfortunate. It would be better to call them vimanas and just number them 1 through 5, but the popular names have stuck.
Architecture of Pancharatha
It is here that one sees architecture in action and every crucial stage of its evolutionary process. A closer look at the shrines will enable you to see how the artist carved each shrine out of the living rock, beginning from the top and working downwards. Chisel marking and unfurnished parts of the shrine add much to our admiration of the task of cutting the hard granite rock, from top to bottom, chip by chip, to fashion an entire temple. The square shrine has a simple peaked roof, simple to a thatched hut, with decorated corners. This roof design was never used again in southern Indian architecture but was transmuted into a miniature hut motif and placed at every horizontal level of subsequent rathas, and later temples, throughout the region.
The site gives the delightful impression of a city of life-size model buildings, whose variety of roofs, floor plans and columniation defines a veritable source book of south Indian temple forms. The architectural elements seen here will appear repeatedly, and with remarkable little variation, over the next 1000 years of temple building in south India.
It is here that one sees architecture in action and every crucial stage of its evolutionary process. A closer look at the shrines will enable you to see how the artist carved each shrine out of the living rock, beginning from the top and working downwards. Chisel marking and unfurnished parts of the shrine add much to our admiration of the task of cutting the hard granite rock, from top to bottom, chip by chip, to fashion an entire temple. The square shrine has a simple peaked roof, simple to a thatched hut, with decorated corners. This roof design was never used again in southern Indian architecture but was transmuted into a miniature hut motif and placed at every horizontal level of subsequent rathas, and later temples, throughout the region.
The site gives the delightful impression of a city of life-size model buildings, whose variety of roofs, floor plans and columniation defines a veritable source book of south Indian temple forms. The architectural elements seen here will appear repeatedly, and with remarkable little variation, over the next 1000 years of temple building in south India.
Akbar Tomb - Sikandra, Agra
Akbar Tomb is the famous monuments situated in Sikandra, short distance from Agra city, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is also known by different name “Mausoleum of Akbar”, “Akbar ka Makbara” etc. Mughal emperor Akbar started the construction of the monument but he could not complete the construction thereafter his son Jahangir completed the actual monument.
Jahangir pulled down most of the earlier structure and redesigned it according to his wishes and the result is more than impressive. The entrance of Akbar tomb is similar to Buland Darwaza which is in Fatehpur Sikri. As visitors enter the Akbar Tomb, Visitors will see a garden namedCharbagh (Four Gardens). The Akbar tomb is situated at the center of the garden. In this complex another monument is also situated which contains the grave of Akbar’s wife Mariam, the mother of Jahangir. Akbar’s tomb is built in pyramidal shape. It is a fine example of assimilation of different styles of architecture and it shows the earlier Mughal buildings.
Golden Temple
The Golden temple is situated at Amritsar, in the state of Punjab, India. The Golden temple is also known as “Sri Harmandir Sahib” or “Sri Darbar Sahib”. It is most sacred temple for Sikhs in all over India. It is a symbol of the magnificence and strength of the Sikh people.
The Golden Temple is stands on 67 ft. square platform in the center of Sarovar (Tank). Actually the temple covers only 41 ft. square. From all over the world, The Sikhs came to Amritsar to pay obeisance at Shri Harmandir sahib in their prayer. Guru Arjan Sahib got its Foundation laid by a Muslim saint Hazrat ali Mian Mir of Lahore. The Main personality of the construction was Guru Arjan Sahib and he was assisted by the prominent Sikh personalities like Bhai Sahlo ji, Baba Budha ji, Bhai Gurudas Ji, and so many other devoted Sikhs.
The Golden Temple is stands on 67 ft. square platform in the center of Sarovar (Tank). Actually the temple covers only 41 ft. square. From all over the world, The Sikhs came to Amritsar to pay obeisance at Shri Harmandir sahib in their prayer. Guru Arjan Sahib got its Foundation laid by a Muslim saint Hazrat ali Mian Mir of Lahore. The Main personality of the construction was Guru Arjan Sahib and he was assisted by the prominent Sikh personalities like Bhai Sahlo ji, Baba Budha ji, Bhai Gurudas Ji, and so many other devoted Sikhs.
The Golden Temple has four side open gate. Guru Sahib made it accessible to every person without any distinction of Caste, creed, sex, and religion. There are some important places around the Golden Temple.Visitors can also visit these places.
Akal Takhat : It rightly faces the Golden Temple. It was built by the Sixth Guru Hargobind in 1609 AD. It was the court of Sikhs community & used for holding court and sikh congregation in the days of it’s builder. We can see the weapon used by the Guru Gobind singh, Guru Hargobind, & other other brave sikh are preserved at here.
Baba Atal : A nine- stroreyed tower was built in memory of Atal Rai who was the son of Guru Hargobind but called “Baba Atal”. The tower was built in between 1778 AD and 1784 AD. It is only one Tower of its kind in the Amritsar with 108 ft. height.
Guru ka Langar : It is the kitchen of Golden Temple. Temple funds are used for meals of visitors. Everyday near about 42000 people share the Meals.
Shri Guru Ram Das Niwas : Unlike the ordinary “Dharamsala”, here also a hostel for visitors named Shri Gurudas Niwas”. There are near about 228 rooms & 18 big halls. The Gurdwara committee built it. All the maintenance of this niwas is handled by Gurdwara Committee. The committee also supplied beddings, Cots, fans, lights, bathroom etc. facility to visitors of Golden Temple. Visitors are not allowed to stay here more than three days. The doors of the hostel are open to all people.
There are also some important places around the Golden Temple. Following are the some of them.
Akal Takhat : It rightly faces the Golden Temple. It was built by the Sixth Guru Hargobind in 1609 AD. It was the court of Sikhs community & used for holding court and sikh congregation in the days of it’s builder. We can see the weapon used by the Guru Gobind singh, Guru Hargobind, & other other brave sikh are preserved at here.
Baba Atal : A nine- stroreyed tower was built in memory of Atal Rai who was the son of Guru Hargobind but called “Baba Atal”. The tower was built in between 1778 AD and 1784 AD. It is only one Tower of its kind in the Amritsar with 108 ft. height.
Guru ka Langar : It is the kitchen of Golden Temple. Temple funds are used for meals of visitors. Everyday near about 42000 people share the Meals.
Shri Guru Ram Das Niwas : Unlike the ordinary “Dharamsala”, here also a hostel for visitors named Shri Gurudas Niwas”. There are near about 228 rooms & 18 big halls. The Gurdwara committee built it. All the maintenance of this niwas is handled by Gurdwara Committee. The committee also supplied beddings, Cots, fans, lights, bathroom etc. facility to visitors of Golden Temple. Visitors are not allowed to stay here more than three days. The doors of the hostel are open to all people.
There are also some important places around the Golden Temple. Following are the some of them.
1) The SGPC Offices
2) Dukh Bhanjni ber ( Jujube tree )
3) Ber Baba Buddha ji.
4) Tharha Sahib
5) Gurdwara llanchi Ber.
6) Gurdwara Shaheed Bunga Baba Deep Singh.
7) Athsath Tirath ( Sixty eight holy places condensed into one)
2) Dukh Bhanjni ber ( Jujube tree )
3) Ber Baba Buddha ji.
4) Tharha Sahib
5) Gurdwara llanchi Ber.
6) Gurdwara Shaheed Bunga Baba Deep Singh.
7) Athsath Tirath ( Sixty eight holy places condensed into one)
Flora- Fountain- Mumbai
Flora-Fountain is situated in fort business district, close to the church gate, south Mumbai, Mumbai. It was built in 1864. The imported Poland stone was used for the same structure. Flora is the Roman Goddess of Flowers, her pretty alabaster face continually assaulted by grime and pollution. It stands at a busy five-point intersection in the heart of the commercial fort area. The flora fountain was constructed by the Agri-Horticultural society of western India and designed by R. Norman Shaw.
“The Taj Mahal Palace & Tower” is a hotel situated in Mumbai. It is the very famous hotel in Mumbai. This is a 5 star deluxe hotel situated at Apollo Bunder, Colaba, Mumbai. Cheapest hotels are also available here. Mumbai is the commercial capital of India. It is also called as “Dream City” & “City of Bollywood”. Here, Visitors can see the Haji ali, Mahalaxmi Temple, Mumba devi Temple, Siddhivinayak Temple, Gateway of India and so many interesting places. But in these places “Flora- Fountain” is the heart of Mumbai.
Konark Sun Temple, Orissa
The Konark temple is a famous tourist attraction in Orissa as well as in India for its architectural grandeur, intricacy and profusion of sculptural work. The temple is dedicated to the sun God or Surya. It is situated in Konark, in the state of Orissa near the sacred city of Puri. It is a masterpiece of Orissa’s medieval architecture and also known as “Black Pagoda”
Information of Konark Sun TempleThe temple city of Konark is situated in the eastern state of Orissa at a distance of around 65 km from Bhubaneswar and 35 km from Puri. The whole temple has been conceived as a chariot of the God Surya with 24 wheels, each wheels are near about 10 feet in a diameter with a set of spokes and elaborate carvings. Seven horses drag the temple. Two lions guard at the entrance of the temple, crushing elephants. A flight of steps leads to the main entrance. The temple is a brilliant chronicle in stone, with thousands of images including deities, the Surasundaris, heavenly damsels, and human musicians, lovers, dancers, and different scenes from courtly life.
Konark was once a bustling port of Kalinga. It had good maritime trade relations with Southeast Asia. King Narashimhadev I (AD 1238-64) of the Ganga dynasty built the present Sun Temple to celebrate his victory over the Muslims. An envoy of the Mughal emperor Jahangir desecrated it in the early 17th century. After that, it fell into disuse. However, Legend has it that the temple was constructed by Samba, the son of Lord Krishna. It is said that Samba was afflicted by leprosy, brought about by his father’s curse on him. After 12 years of penance, Surya, the Sun God cured him. In honour Surya, he built this temple.
Konark was once a bustling port of Kalinga. It had good maritime trade relations with Southeast Asia. King Narashimhadev I (AD 1238-64) of the Ganga dynasty built the present Sun Temple to celebrate his victory over the Muslims. An envoy of the Mughal emperor Jahangir desecrated it in the early 17th century. After that, it fell into disuse. However, Legend has it that the temple was constructed by Samba, the son of Lord Krishna. It is said that Samba was afflicted by leprosy, brought about by his father’s curse on him. After 12 years of penance, Surya, the Sun God cured him. In honour Surya, he built this temple.
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